【高考英语定语从句真题】2016年高考英语定语从句怎么复习

英语  点击:   2018-10-31

  定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导,但须记住:what不能引导定语从句;关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。

关系词
先行词从句成分例句备注
关系代词who主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking
Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthe war..
whose人或物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismy deskmate.
that人或物主语,宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttosee verymuch.
which主语,宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.
Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccident wasterrible.
as人或物主语,宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.as做宾语一般不省略
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich
where地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich
why原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich

  that与which,who,whom的用法区别

情况用法说明例句
只用that的情况1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.
2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much, little,no,some,few等修饰时2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.
3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.
4.先行词既指人又指物时4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.
5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.
6.句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?
只用which,who, whom的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.
3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one, he时多用who。3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.

指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that

  Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.

  MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.

  Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.)注:

  A.指人时有时只用who不宜用that。

  1.先行词为one、ones或anyone

  (1)ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.

  (2)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.

  2.先行词为these时

  ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.

  3.在therebe开头的句子中

  Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.

  4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who,以免重复。

  Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.

  5.在非限制性定语从句中

  A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan.

  B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。

指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that

  1.Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.

  2.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.

  3.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)

  4.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)

  注:A.介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时,只能用whom、which不能用who或that.

  (1)Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.

  (2)ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.

  B.部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开,在定语从句中其介词不可前置,只能放在其动词之后。

  Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?

  Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.

  Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing’sson.

  C.指物时,下列情况下只能用that,不宜用which。

  (1)先行词为不定代词,如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。

  Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.

  Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.

  Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

  (2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。

  ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.

  (3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。

  ThisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.

  Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.

  (4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物),定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适,只能用that。

  Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.

  Therearesheepandmenthatcanbeseenonthehill.

  (5)如果先行词被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame、any、few、little、no、all、oneof、just修饰时。

  Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.

  (6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,关系代词只用that。

  Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?

  D.只物时,下列情况下只能用which,不宜用that。

  (1)关系代词放在介词之后

  Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.

  (2)非限制性定语从句中

  Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.

  (3)that,Those作主语时

  ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.

  E.先行词前有such、thesame、as时,关系代词用as,不用that,但thesame…as…表示同样的,thesame…that…表示同一的

  Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.

  Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.

When/which、where/which、why

  whichIstillneverforget.

  ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.

  whichhespentreadingthebooks.

  whereIfoundthebook.

  whichmakesmachines.

  Thisistheplacewhichweoncevisited.

  whichIwillneverforget.

  whichIamlookingfor.

  限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:

  Allthestudentswhostudyhardhavepassed.jrs直播-手机版努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了,不努力的没及格。)Allthestudents,whostudyhardhavepassed.所有的学生都及格了,他们jrs直播-手机版努力。(没有人不及格,这些学生都很努力。)

  从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉,主句意思就不完整或不正确。)从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉,主句意思仍清楚,不受影响。)与主句关系密切,不用逗号与主句关系不十分密切,用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时,从句译在先行词前,与先行词用“的”连接译为汉语时,从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物)关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物)关系代词代替宾语时可以省略关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which

  先看下面两个例句:

  1.Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whicheverybodycansee.=Aseverybodycansee,thiselephantislikeasnake.任何人都看得出来,这头象像条蛇。

  2.Tomdidn’tpassthephysicsexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.Tom物理考试不及格,这使得他父亲很生气。

  这两个例句中,as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处:

  1.在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面,也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面,不能位于主句的前面。

  2.在意义上,as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系,常译为“正如……”,“就像……”,而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系,或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此,在意思通顺的情况下,which可代替as,而as许多时候不能代替which,如句2。再如:

  1.Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.正如我们所料,他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。

  2.Thestreethasn’tbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.街道好多星期没有打扫了,因此整条街很脏。(不用as)

  3.Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraceful.那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财,这是不光彩的。(不用as)

  4.Hetakesexerciseeveryday,whichhasdonealotofgoodtohishealth.他每天运动,这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)

  5.Ashasalreadybeenpointedout,Englishisratherdifficultforaforeigner.正如已经指出的那样,英语对于初学者说,是相当难学的。在such…as…、thesame…as…、as…、asmany…/muchas…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如:Suchbooksasthisaretoodifficultforbeginners.这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。

  “Oneofthe+复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况

  这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式,跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如:Thatisoneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudyatschool.

  如果oneof+复数名词这一结构前面带有theonly、thevery之类的限定语,后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式,这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如:

  1.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool.(修饰theonlyone)

  HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.(修饰theteachers)

  2.Thisistheonlyoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.(修饰theonlyone)

  Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.(修饰rooms)

  as与which引导的定语从句

  两者均可引导非限制性定语从句,有时可以互换,但下列情况多用as。

  1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。Asweallknow,theearthisround.

  2.当与such或thesame连用时,一般用as。Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.

  3.当从句和主句语义一致时,用as,反之则用which。Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.

  4.as在从句中作主语时,后面常接行为动词的被动语态,如beknown,besaid,bereported等,如从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般要用which作主语。

  Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.

  Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.

【高考英语定语从句真题】2016年高考英语定语从句怎么复习

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